Question Easy:
What is the most likely effect of untreated hypothyroidism on the menstrual cycle? 🤔
A) Amenorrhea
B) Menorrhagia
C) Polymenorrhea
D) Oligomenorrhea
E) Dysmenorrhea
Explanations & Answers:
Question Easy Answer:
B) Menorrhagia
Question Easy Explanation:
Untreated hypothyroidism can lead to heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia) due to an imbalance in hormone regulation. According to NICE guidelines, hypothyroidism causes disruptions in the menstrual cycle and can result in increased menstrual flow. 🌊
Question Medium:
A 56-year-old man presents with progressive right-sided weakness over the last two months. An MRI scan reveals a mass in the left frontal lobe. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Meningioma
B) Glioblastoma multiforme
C) Oligodendroglioma
D) Medulloblastoma
E) Astrocytoma
Explanations & Answers:
Question Medium Answer:
B) Glioblastoma multiforme
Question Medium Explanation:
Glioblastoma multiforme is a high-grade, aggressive, primary brain tumour most commonly found in adults, particularly in the cerebral hemispheres. NHS resources indicate that it frequently presents with symptoms due to mass effect, such as unilateral weakness when located in the frontal lobes. 🌟
Question Hard:
A 45-year-old woman has symptoms of palpitations, increased sweating, and episodes of sudden headache. Her blood pressure is found to be 160/100 mmHg. What is the most appropriate initial test for diagnosing her condition?
A) Serum calcium
B) 24-hour urinary cortisol
C) Thyroid function tests
D) 24-hour urinary metanephrines
E) Serum catecholamines
Explanations & Answers:
Question Hard Answer:
D) 24-hour urinary metanephrines
Question Hard Explanation:
The symptoms and hypertension suggest pheochromocytoma, a catecholamine-secreting tumour. According to NICE guidelines, the best initial test to diagnose pheochromocytoma is measuring 24-hour urinary metanephrines, as it provides more reliable and stable results over serum catecholamines. 🔍
Medical fact of the day:
Did you know? The UK has one of the highest rates of brain tumour research in Europe, particularly focusing on glioblastomas due to their aggressive nature. This research aims to improve treatment outcomes and provide better prognosis for patients affected by this challenging condition. 🧠
Quote of the day:
“In the journey of healing, every heartbeat matters, and every small step brings us closer to brighter horizons. Embrace each day as a gift to make a difference.” 🌅