Question Easy: A 30-year-old woman presents to the GP with concerns about her menstrual cycle. She reports irregular periods and increased body hair growth. Which condition is most likely responsible for these symptoms? 🤔
A) Hypothyroidism
B) Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
C) Endometriosis
D) Hyperprolactinemia
E) Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
Explanations & Answers:
Question Easy Answer: B) Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Question Easy Explanation: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, characterized by irregular menstrual cycles and symptoms of hyperandrogenism, such as hirsutism (increased body hair growth). NICE guidelines support the use of clinical features combined with ultrasound and biochemical testing for diagnosis.
Question Medium: A 32-year-old pregnant woman at 28 weeks gestation presents with right upper quadrant pain, nausea, and vomiting. Her blood tests reveal hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets. What is the most likely diagnosis? 🤰⚠️
A) Pre-eclampsia
B) Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
C) Cholecystitis
D) HELLP syndrome
E) Gastroenteritis
Question Medium Answer: D) HELLP syndrome
Question Medium Explanation: HELLP syndrome is considered a severe form of pre-eclampsia, presenting with hemolysis (H), elevated liver enzymes (EL), and low platelet count (LP). It often manifests in the third trimester with symptoms such as right upper quadrant pain and nausea. Management involves blood pressure control and planning for delivery, as per NHS guidelines.
Question Hard: A 35-year-old woman attends the fertility clinic after trying to conceive for over a year. She has a history of heavy, painful periods. Pelvic examination and ultrasound find a homogeneous cystic mass in the left ovary. What is the most likely diagnosis? 🔍
A) Endometriosis
B) Dermoid cyst
C) Ovarian torsion
D) Functional cyst
E) Ectopic pregnancy
Question Hard Answer: A) Endometriosis
Question Hard Explanation: The homogeneous cystic mass in the ovary likely represents an endometrioma, commonly referred to as a “chocolate cyst,” indicating endometriosis. Endometriosis is associated with subfertility and dysmenorrhea. NICE recommends considering laparoscopic surgery for diagnosis and treatment, especially in women with chronic pelvic pain and infertility.
Medical fact of the day: A fascinating aspect of obstetrics is that during pregnancy, the heart of the mother increases in size by approximately 12% to accommodate increased cardiac output. This adaptation is a crucial part of supporting the growing fetus.
Quote of the day: “In the hands of knowledge and compassion, we find the strength to illuminate even the darkest moments of care.” 🌟