Question Easy: A 45-year-old male presents with polyuria, polydipsia, and nocturia. His fasting blood glucose is 9.2 mmol/L. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? 🍬
A) Type 1 diabetes mellitus
B) Type 2 diabetes mellitus
C) Diabetes insipidus
D) Hyperthyroidism
E) Hypothyroidism
Question Medium: A 32-year-old woman has been experiencing headaches, tunnel vision, and galactorrhea. On examination, she has bitemporal hemianopia. What is the most likely diagnosis? 😨
A) Pituitary adenoma
B) Multiple sclerosis
C) Meningioma
D) Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
E) Cluster headache
Question Hard: A 67-year-old woman presents with progressive muscle weakness, ptosis, and diplopia that worsen with activity. Tensilon test (edrophonium test) is positive. What is the neuromuscular junction disorder most likely diagnosed in this patient? 💪
A) Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
B) Myasthenia Gravis
C) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
D) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
E) Polymyositis
Explanations & Answers:
Question Easy Answer: B
Question Easy Explanation: The patient’s presentation of polyuria, polydipsia, and nocturia combined with a fasting blood glucose of 9.2 mmol/L indicates hyperglycemia, which is characteristic of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. According to NICE guidelines, a fasting plasma glucose level of 7.0 mmol/L or higher is diagnostic for diabetes.
Question Medium Answer: A
Question Medium Explanation: The symptoms of headaches, tunnel vision, galactorrhea, and bitemporal hemianopia suggest a pituitary adenoma. These tumors can compress the optic chiasm, resulting in bitemporal hemianopia. NICE recommends an MRI of the pituitary gland as a diagnostic measure.
Question Hard Answer: B
Question Hard Explanation: The progressive muscle weakness, ptosis, and diplopia that worsen with activity are classic signs of Myasthenia Gravis, an autoimmune disorder. A positive Tensilon test confirms this diagnosis. NICE guidelines recommend management with medications such as pyridostigmine and immunosuppressants.
Medical fact of the day: Cushing’s syndrome can be caused by prolonged use of corticosteroids. Diagnosing it early is crucial as it can lead to serious complications like diabetes and hypertension. 🎯
Quote of the day: “The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others.” – Mahatma Gandhi